| Greek | Meaning | Notes |
|---|
| αἷμα, αἵματος, τό | blood | Cognate: haemo- |
| βάθος, βάθους, τό | depth | Cognate: bathosphere |
| γένος, γένους, τό | race (of people) | Cognate: genealogy |
| ἔθνος, ἔθνους, τό | nation | Cognate: ethnic (in the plural: Gentiles) |
| ἔθος, ἔθους, τό | custom | Cognate: ethics |
| ἔλεος, ἐλέους, τό | mercy | |
| ἔτος, ἔτους, τό | year | |
| θέλημα, θελήματος, τό | will | |
| μέλος, μέλους, τό | member | |
| μέρος, μέρους, τό | part | |
| ὄνομα, ὀνόματος, τό | name | Cognate: anonymous |
| ὄρος, ὄρους, τό | mountain | Cognate: orology |
| πλῆθος, πλῆθους, τό | crowd | |
| πνεῦμα, πνεύματος, τό | spirit | Cognate: pneumatic |
| ῥῆμα, ῥήματος, τό | word | |
| σκότος, σκότους, τό | darkness | |
| στόμα, στόματος, τό | mouth | Cognate: stomach |
| σῶμα, σώματος, τό | body | Cognate: psychosomatic |
| ἅρμα, ἅρματος, τό | chariot | |
| τέλος, τέλους, τό | end | Cognate: telegraph, telephone |
| ὕδωρ, ὕδατος, τό | water | Cognate: hydrant |
| τριήρης, τριήρους, ἡ | trireme | ship with 3 banks of oars |
Lexical Study
- Neuter Third Declension nouns are of two types: -ς stems and -ατ stems.
| | Sing. | Plur. |
|---|
| NOM | γένος | γένη |
| GEN | γένους | γενῶν |
| DAT | γένει | γένεσι |
| ACC | γένος | γένη |
| VOC | γένος | γένη |
| | Sing. | Plur. |
|---|
| NOM | τριήρης | τριήρεις |
| GEN | τριήρους | τριήρων |
| DAT | τριήρει | τριήρεσι |
| ACC | τριήρη | τριήρεις |
| VOC | τριῆρες | τριήρεις |
Proper names follow a similar pattern. Notice the pattern of names ending in -κλεης contracted to -κλῆς
| | Sing. | Sing. |
|---|
| NOM | Σωκράτης | Περικλῆς |
| GEN | Σωκράτους | Περικλέους |
| DAT | Σωκράτει | Περικλεῖ |
| ACC | Σωκράτη(ν) | Πρικλέα |
| VOC | Σώκρατες | Περίκλεις |
-ατ stem nouns
| | Sing. | Plur. | Sing. | Plur. |
|---|
| NOM | σῶμα, τό | σώματα | ἅρμα, τό | ἅρματα |
| GEN | σώματος | σωμάτων | ἅρματος | ἁρμάτων |
| DAT | σώματι | σώμασι | ἅρματι | ἅρμασι |
| ACC | σῶμα | σώματα | ἅρμα | ἅρματα |
| VOC | σῶμα | σώματα | ἅρμα | ἅρματα |
- Notes
- You should be used to the fact that the singular NOM and ACC have identical forms in the Neuter
- Also the plural NOM and ACC have identical forms in the Neuter
- Locate the stem of -ατ nouns by removing -ος from the Genitive singular form.
- Add the regular endings to the singular: (none), -ος, ι, (none), (none)
- Add the regular endings to the plural: -α, -ων, -σι, -α, -α
- Remove the τ before the Dative plural ending -σι
- Except for personal names, Greek words can end in only these five consonants: ν, ρ, ς, ξ, and ψ.
- A neuter plural subject often has its verb in the singular instead of plural.
- τῶν δώδεκα ἀποστόλων τὰ ὀνόματά ἐστιν ταῦτα
- the names of the twelve apostles are these
- τὰ ὀνόματά (plural) ἐστιν (singular)
Declension of Ἰησοῦς
| NOM. | Ἰησοῦς |
| GEN. | Ἰησοῦ |
| DAT. | Ἰησοῦ |
| ACC. | Ἰησοῦν |
| VOC. | Ἰησοῦ |
Translate the following:
- γινώσκομεν καὶ τὸ θέλημα καὶ τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ θεοῦ.
- ὁ κύριος εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν κατὰ τὸ ἔθος αὐτοῦ.
- ὁ χριστὸς ἐδίδασκε τοὺς ὄχλους ἐν τῷ ὄρει.
- τὸ σῶμα τοῦ κυρίου ἐδοξάσθη μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν.
- ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ χριστοῦ ἔχομεν ἐλπίδα τῆς ζωῆς.
- ἐσώθημεν διὰ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ νῦν γινώσκομεν τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ.
- ἤκουσαν τὰ ῥήματα τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔλαβον τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ.
- τὰ ἔθνη οὐ γινώσκει τὸ βάθος τοῦ ἐλέους τοῦ θεοῦ.
- ἡμεῖς ἐβαπτίσθημεν ὑπὸ τοῦ χριστοῦ, ὑμεῖς δὲ ἐβαπτίσθητε ὑπʼ ἀποστόλου αὐτοῦ.
- οἱ μαθηταὶ ἐβάπτιζον ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ πνεύματος.
- οἱ πονηροὶ μένουσιν ἐν τῷ σκότει τῆς ἁμαρτίας, οἱ δὲ πιστοὶ ἀκούουσι τὰ ῥήματα τοῦ κυρίου καὶ γίνονται ἀγαθοὶ μαθηταί.
- ἐγὼ μὲν βαπτίζω ὑμᾶς ἐν ὕδατι, ἐκεῖνος δὲ βαπτίσει ὑμᾶς ἐν τῷ πνεύματι.
