LESSON 24
AORIST ACTIVE/MIDDLE PARTICIPLE

Greek	Meaning	Notes
ὑπάρχω	I am, exist
σημεῖον, -ου, τό	sign
ψυχή, -ῆς, ἡ	soul
ὥστε	so that
ὧδε	here, hither
διώκω	I persecute, pursue
μή	not	used with modes other than indicative
μηδέ	and not, nor, not even	like οὐδέ used like μή
μηδέ ... μηδέ	neither ... nor	like οὐδέ ... οὐδέ used like μή
μηκέτι	no longer	like οὐκέτι used like μή
εἰπών	saying	second aorist participle for εἶπον
ἰδών	seeing	second aorist participle for εἶδον

Lexical Study

First Aorist Active Participle

1. There is no augment ε because the time is dependent upon the main verb of the sentence.
2. The first aorist active participle has the first aorist σα- tense suffix added to the stem.

First Aorist Active Participle of λύω

Singular
	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.
NOM	λύσας	λύσασα	λῦσαν
GEN	λύσαντος	λυσάσης	λύσαντος
DAT	λύσαντι	λυσάσῃ	λύσαντι
ACC	λύσαντα	λύσασαν	λῦσαν
Plural
	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.
NOM	λύσαντες	λύσασαι	λύσαντα
GEN	λυσάντων	λυσασῶν	λυσάντων
DAT	λύσασι (ν)	λυσάσαις	λύσασι (ν)
ACC	λύσαντας	λυσάσας	λύσαντα

First Aorist Middle Participle

1. There is no augment added to the beginning of the participle
2. The passive is different from the middle
3. The aorist stem is followed by the middle participle suffix -μεν-
4. The 2nd declension endings are added to the masculine and neuter
5. The 1st declension endings are added to the feminine
6. The First Aorist Middle Participle looks like the present middle participle except for the suffix -μεν- added after -σα-
7. Thus: stem+σα+μεν+regular noun endings

First Aorist Middle Participle of λύω

Singular
	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.
NOM	λυσάμενος	λυσαμένη	λυσάμενον
GEN	λυσαμένου	λυσαμένης	λυσαμένου
DAT	λυσαμένῳ	λυσαμένῃ	λυσαμένῳ
ACC	λυσάμενον	λυσαμένην	λυσάμενον
Plural
	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.
NOM	λυσάμενοι	λυσάμεναι	λυσάμενα
GEN	λυσαμένων	λυσαμένων	λυσαμένων
DAT	λυσαμένοις	λυσαμέναις	λυσαμένοις
ACC	λυσαμένους	λυσαμένας	λυσάμενα

Second Aorist Active Participle

1. There is no augment
2. The second aorist participle is built on the second aorist stem
3. The endings are just like the present active participle
4. The primary difference between the 2nd Aorist Active participle and the Present active participle is the use of the 2nd Aorist stem

Second Aorist Active Participle of λείπω

Singular
	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.
NOM	λιπών	λιποῦσα	λιπόν
GEN	λιπόντος	λιπούσης	λιπόντος
DAT	λιπόντι	λιπούσῃ	λιπόντι
ACC	λιπόντα	λιποῦσαν	λιπόν
Plural
	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.
NOM	λιπόντες	λιποῦσαι	λιπόντα
GEN	λιπόντων	λιπουσῶν	λιπόντων
DAT	λιποῦσι (ν)	λιπούσαις	λιποῦσι (ν)
ACC	λιπόντας	λιπούσας	λιπόντα

Second Aorist Middle Participle

1. There is no augment
2. The second aorist participle is built on the second aorist stem
3. The endings are just like the present middle participle
4. The primary difference between the 2nd Aorist Middle participle and the Present Middle participle is the use of the 2nd Aorist stem

Second Aorist Middle Participle of λείπω

Singular
	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.
NOM	λιπόμενος	λιπομένη	λιπόμενον
GEN	λιπομένου	λιπομένης	λιπομένου
DAT	λιπομένῳ	λιπομένῃ	λιπομένῳ
ACC	λιπόμενον	λιπομένην	λιπόμενον
VOC	λιπών	λιποῦσα	λιπόν
Plural
	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.
NOM	λιπόμενοι	λιπόμεναι	λιπόμενα
GEN	λιπομένων	λιπομένων	λιπομένων
DAT	λιπομένοις	λιπομέναις	λιπομένοις
ACC	λιπομένους	λιπομένας	λιπόμενα
VOC	λιπόμενοι	λιπόμεναι	λιπόμενα

1. The kind of action in the aorist participle is punctiliar, i.e., finished action.

Predicate position

1. There is no article "the" in front of the participle.
2. The time of action is before the action of the main verb.
3. The time of the aorist participle happens first, then it is followed by the time of the main verb.
4. As pointed out in the last lesson, you can use one of three English expressions to indicate that the participle time took place before the time of the action of the main verb.
5. Thus λύσας can be translated
   1. having loosed
   2. when he had loosed
   3. after he had loosed or after he loosed
6. Example
   1. ὁ ἄνθρωπος εἰπὼν ταῦτα βλέπει τὸν κύριον.
   2. The man, having said these things, is seeing the Lord.
   3. Possible: After he said these things, the man sees the Lord.
      1. There is a slight problem with this one because of who is speaking.
      2. Does "he" refer to the "man" or to the "Lord"?
      3. The participle says it should be the "man"; but in the English translation the identity is not clear.
   4. Better: After the man said these things, he sees the Lord.
7. Example
   1. εἰπὼν ταῦτα ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου.
   2. Having said these things, he went out of the house.
   3. or After he said these things, he went out of the house.

Attributive position

1. In the attributive position, the aorist participle is to be translated with a relative pronoun.
2. ὁ λύσας
3. the one who loosed or he who loosed.
4. ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ εἰπὼν ταῦτα ἦλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον.
5. The man who said these things went into the house.
6. ὁ εἰπὼν ταῦτα ἦλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον.
7. The man who had said these things went into the house.

Translate the following:

1. ἐξελθὼν ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου ταῦτα εἶπεν.
2. πισταί εἰσιν αἱ δεξάμεναι τοὺς ἀποστόλους τοὺς διωκομένους.
3. ὁ μὴ ἰδὼν τὸν κύριον οὐκ ἐπίστευσεν εἰς αὐτόν.
4. ἔτι ὢν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ὁ κύριος εἶπε ταῦτα τοῖς ἐξελθοῦσιν ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου καὶ πορευομένοις μετʼ αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν.
5. πονηροὶ ἦσαν οἱ ἄγγελοι οἱ πεσόντες ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.
6. κηρύσσομεν περὶ τοῦ σώσαντος ἡμᾶς καὶ καθαρίσαντος ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν.
7. συναγαγόντες οἱ μαθηταὶ ἐδόξασαν τὸ ὄναμα τοῦ θεοῦ.
8. τὰ τέκνα τὰ λαβόντα ταῦτα ἀπὸ τῶν ἀκουσάντων τοῦ χριστοῦ εἶδεν αὐτὸν ἔτι ὄντα ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ.
9. οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ κηρύξαντες τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς ἀγάπης, ἀλλʼ ἐκεῖνοί εἰσιν οἱ διώξαντες τοὺς πιστεύοντας αὐτό.
10. δεξάμενοι ἄρτον ἀπὸ τοῦ μεσσίου οἱ ὄχλοι ἀπῆλθον εἰς τὴν πόλιν.
11. ἀκούσαντες τῶν λεγομένων ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀποστόλου τοῦ χριστοῦ τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἐπίστευσαν εἰς αὐτὸν καὶ ἔλαβον τὴν χάριν αὐτοῦ.